Light Hazard Classification

Light Hazard Occupancies

 

Educational

Hospitals

Institutional

Libraries, except large stack rooms

Museums

Nursing or convalescent homes

Offices, including data processing

Residential

Restaurant seating areas

Theaters and auditoriums, excluding stages and prosceniums

 

Light Hazard Pipe Schedules

1 in. 2 sprinklers 

11/4 in. 3 sprinklers 

11/2 in. 5 sprinklers 

2 in. 10 sprinklers 

21/2 in. 30 sprinklers 

3 in. 60 sprinklers 

31/2 in. 100 sprinklers

What is the Area Hazard Classification?

Class and the size of the fire is likely to occur in a certain area of ​​the key factors in determining the appropriate type and size of extinguisher to use. Together, category and size of the potential fire hazards determine which facilities your extinguisher must be designed.

Risk rating: (Per Protection Association of National Standard for portable fire extinguishers):

Light (low) hazard

Occupancy classified as light (low) risk as locations where the quantity and combustion of Class A combustible materials and flammable materials class B low and expected fire with relatively low rates of fire.

Normal (medium) Hazard

Classified as normal (moderate) occupancy danger as locations where the quantity and combustion of Class A combustible materials and flammable materials class B is expected to moderate fire with moderate rates of fire.

Extra (high) hazard

Additional classified (high) occupancy danger as locations where the quantity and combustion of Class A materials are high or where large amounts of flammable materials class B exist for ignition, is expected to fires fast growth with high rates of fire

It is important to correctly determine the danger level for all regions. There may be a need to install multiple extinguishers or extinguishers multiple ratings. Restaurants, for example, multiple extinguishers required due to multiple hazards. The low-risk areas in the food requires a Class A extinguisher, and high-risk will require extinguisher in the kitchen K. category

Special considerations must be conducted with fires category B. There are four typical types of liquid fire flammable:

fire involving between at least 1/4 "deep.

Fires leak in the liquid which burn less than 1/4 "deep.

Fires that burn liquid or gas under pressure.

Three-dimensional fires, which involves burning liquids that are in motion.

Liquid fires deep accumulation of more heat from fires and leakage best extinguished with the factors that stifle the fire, such as foam. Leak fires can be controlled with carbon dioxide or dry chemical extinguishers. Gas under pressure can not be controlled with dry chemicals. You must be equipped with extinguishers used to combat pressure class B fires with special nozzle, which allows for quick release of more dry chemical. These fire extinguishers are known as fast flow.

How Residential fire sprinklers work

How Residential fire sprinklers work ?

Fire sprinklers are located in the roof of the house or near the top of the wall. When it reaches a house fire temperatures too high - usually above 155 ° F - the closest to the fire activates the spraying, spraying water directly on the fire underneath it. Most of the time, and the fire engine, the only one to control or extinguish the fire completely. If you chose the owner of the house, and Rapid Response System can also be linked to the local fire department or home alarm system, providing security and fire complete.

Sprinkler Head Types

Sprinkler Head Types

There are a number of different types of sprinkler heads that cater to different needs. This article covers the types of operations (against the fusible link lamp), and the types of distribution (necklace, upright, wall), and the temperature response.

Fusible link sprinklers Vs.2 the glass bulb sprinklers 
 all wet pipe sprinklers closed by any fusible link or glass bulb contains a heat-sensitive liquid.

A fusible link sprinkler head has a metal component parts which fused by heat-sensitive alloys. Cover carries the link points, or ingredients, in place. Once at room temperature around the head spraying up to a certain temperature, and releases a separate metal and alloy elements, which causes almost cover point to fall away. Water is then edited. Note that it is released only from the water before the spray heads where the ambient temperature reaches a certain level - and therefore, the water is released only in the field of fire, helping to limit the damage caused by the water.

Glass bulb sprinkler heads have a small glass tank that holds the heat-sensitive liquid. This glass bulb bearing almost point cover in place. When the ambient temperature of the liquid reaches a certain level, the liquid and expands, causing the bulb to break the glass, which allows the lid to drop points away to release the water. As is the case with the heads of fusible link, and the water is released only where the ambient temperature reaches a certain level, which helps to reduce the damage caused by the water.

Sprinkler Response Temperatures

Since ambient temperatures can vary greatly depending on the use of distance or the surrounding environment, and the sprinklers come rated for temperatures different activation. The table below is based on NFPA 13 Table 3-2.5.1 (US National Fire Code); however, it may be machine guns manufacturers of different temperature ratings.

CLASSIFICATION	MAXIMUM CEILING TEMPERATURE	SPRINKLER ACTIVATION TEMPERATURE	GLASS BULB COLOR	FUSIBLE LINK COLOR
Ordinary	100°F	135°F - 170°F	Orange (135°F) Red (155°F)	black; no color
Intermediate	150°F	175°F - 225°F	Yellow (175°F) Green (200°F)	White
High	225°F	250°F-300°F	Blue	Blue
Extra High	300°F	325°F - 375°F	Purple	Red
Very Extra High	375°F	400°F - 475°F	Black	Green
Ultra High	475°F	500°F - 575°F	Black	Orange
Ultra High	625°F	650°F	Black	Orange

Types of distribution sprinkler head

The following charts show the different types of sprinkler heads and distribution patterns. Refer to the manufacturer to cover the radius of the information.

Pendant Sprinkler Head

Pendant sprinkler heads hang down from the ceiling and spray water in a circle pattern.

Concealed Pendant Head Sprinkler

And stopped necklace concealed sprinkler heads in the ceiling are covered with decorative cover. And the maximum located away from the 20 ° F before activating the sprinkler. Once the spray reaches its activation temperature rating, the head will fall under the roof. Water spray pattern of the heads of the department is concealed.

Upright Sprinkler Head 

Sprinkler heads upright expected up to space and be a deviation that the water spray to the bottom. It is commonly used in mechanical rooms or inaccessible areas other to provide the best between obstacles such as struts or channels cover. It also provides a spray pattern circle

Side Wall Sprinkler Head

wall stand out from the wall and her oblique to sprinkle water away from the wall in a semi-circle spray pattern. A second deflector also sprinkle water again toward the wall so as to protect the wall. These are used when the sprinklers can not be located in the ceiling.

Sprinkler Head Spacing and Location

Sprinkler Head Location

There are two main criteria for site sprinkler heads. First, sprinklers should be located so as to be within the hot gas layer that develops near the ceiling during a fire due to the activation occurs when the spray head up to a certain temperature. Secondly, it should be located so that the water that is discharged from the spray does not break down or be affected by construction elements such as bridges, trusses, or soles.

Water distribution for standard spraying necklace

Drawing on the left shows the distribution of water to the standard pendant fixtures spray upright. It is useful to understand how these things within the distribution area can alter the throw and disrupts the ability of the spray to extinguish the fire.

This is a general description of the throw spray should not be used to determine the spacing spraying. Refer to the manufacturer's data for specific data throw. Please note, that throw the spray should not be used for spraying spacing - local laws determine the spacing requirements.

Head Sprinkler Spacing

The table below shows the spray on the basis of the requirements of NFPA 13. spacing must use this table only as a tool for architects. It must be the actual design of the sprinkler system by a professional engineer each project.

OCCUPANCY HAZARD	SQUARE FOOT PER HEAD	MAXIMUM SPACING BETWEEN SPRINKLERS
Light Hazard (Office, Educational, Religious, Institutional, Hospitals, Restaurants, Clubs, Theaters, etc.)	130-200 SF per head (based on obstructions and flow calcs)	15 ft
Ordinary Hazard (Mills, Manufacturing, Processing, Machine Shops, Repair Garages, Post Offices, Bakeries, Wood Machining and Assembly, Auto Parking, etc.)	130 SF per head	15 ft
Extra Hazard (Plastic Processing, Chemical Spraying, Metal Extruding, Printing, Varnishing, Painting, etc.)	90-130 SF per head (based on obstructions and flow calcs)	12 ft

The maximum distance from the wall: half (1/2) of the maximum distance between the sprinkler heads.

The minimum distance between sprinklers: Usually 6'-0 ".

The distance from the ceiling: minimum 1 ", and the maximum 12" of the building without hindrance. Minimum 1 "is a typical comfort, but concealed, and can be mounted machine guns less than 1" from the ceiling flow and be installed on the building included.

fire hydrant system

In a building, fire hydrant system is a measure of safety in cases of emergency or required equipment in some of the buildings, which includes a set of components that when assembled together to provide a source of water to help the fire authorities in the fire.

Put another way, a fire hydrant system is the water supply with sufficient pressure and flow delivered through pipes throughout the building strategically located network of valves for the purposes of fire-fighting.

Shooting HydrantIn some circumstances, the water from the fire hydrant network system can also be shared with other safety measures such as automatic fire sprinkler systems or fire hose reels.

In Australia, and the law of the construction of Australia (BCA) mind-sets to satisfy (DTS) provisions for the fire hydrant system required in the buildings to the degree necessary to facilitate the needs of the Fire's.

Fire-fighting operations. And
To an area of ​​the building. And
The dangers of fire.
The fire hydrant design and install systems in accordance with Australian Standard AS2419 and consists of the following basic components:

Water supply and storage
Pipes, valves
Fire Brigade Booster
Pumpset
Faucet, faucet valve or landing Valve & Coupling
Layflat fire hose
Block plan
When the fire hydrant system design must be satisfied that the specific performance targets. These performance targets require hydraulic analysis to prove the existence of sufficient water pressure and flow to the most disadvantaged hydraulically faucet. Pressure and flow requirements vary according to the classification of the building, floor area and the protection of spraying.

What CO2 fire extinguishing systems

CO2  fire extinguishing systems

CO2 systems are the preferred choice as the amortization of many vital facilities. Fast, efficient and adaptable to a wide range of risks, from carbon dioxide emissions [agent clean low-cost] is not damaging in property and electrically non-conductive. Multi-hazard protection can be designed to provide automatic and unloading at one time to a variety of risks and configurations.

CO2 systems are used for:

Power generation
Cement Plant / blast furnace burning coal indirect systems
And metal processing production
Print
Cars
Electronics operations
Electronics / Computer Production
Research facilities
On board ships (MLM) systems
Automated storage and retrieval facilities
CO2 is the most appropriate low-pressure systems and equipment for applications where large amounts of  CO2 are necessary. High-pressure hazard smaller or where space is limited system is recommended.

Benefits of CO2:

Quickly - in a matter of seconds, CO2 penetrates all areas of the risks to choke combustion.
There CO2 as a gas in the Earth's atmosphere and is one of the products of combustion before - environmentally friendly. It's used has no impact on the environment.
Harmless - CO2 does not cause damage, do not need to be cleaned and leaves no residue.
Non-conductive - CO2 is electrically non-conductive, allowing the use of a wide range of applications.
Adjustment - effective CO2 in a wide range of flammable and combustible materials.

Fire extinguishing system CO2 from one or more of the cylinder banks of storage containers to supply CO2 extinguishing agent is made. Discharge flexible hoses linking cylinders in manifold pipes. Manifold distributes the agent in the pipe network. Nozzles regulate the flow of CO2 in the protected area.