Light Hazard Classification

Light Hazard Occupancies

 

Educational

Hospitals

Institutional

Libraries, except large stack rooms

Museums

Nursing or convalescent homes

Offices, including data processing

Residential

Restaurant seating areas

Theaters and auditoriums, excluding stages and prosceniums

 

Light Hazard Pipe Schedules

1 in. 2 sprinklers 

11/4 in. 3 sprinklers 

11/2 in. 5 sprinklers 

2 in. 10 sprinklers 

21/2 in. 30 sprinklers 

3 in. 60 sprinklers 

31/2 in. 100 sprinklers

What is the Area Hazard Classification?

Class and the size of the fire is likely to occur in a certain area of ​​the key factors in determining the appropriate type and size of extinguisher to use. Together, category and size of the potential fire hazards determine which facilities your extinguisher must be designed.

Risk rating: (Per Protection Association of National Standard for portable fire extinguishers):

Light (low) hazard

Occupancy classified as light (low) risk as locations where the quantity and combustion of Class A combustible materials and flammable materials class B low and expected fire with relatively low rates of fire.

Normal (medium) Hazard

Classified as normal (moderate) occupancy danger as locations where the quantity and combustion of Class A combustible materials and flammable materials class B is expected to moderate fire with moderate rates of fire.

Extra (high) hazard

Additional classified (high) occupancy danger as locations where the quantity and combustion of Class A materials are high or where large amounts of flammable materials class B exist for ignition, is expected to fires fast growth with high rates of fire

It is important to correctly determine the danger level for all regions. There may be a need to install multiple extinguishers or extinguishers multiple ratings. Restaurants, for example, multiple extinguishers required due to multiple hazards. The low-risk areas in the food requires a Class A extinguisher, and high-risk will require extinguisher in the kitchen K. category

Special considerations must be conducted with fires category B. There are four typical types of liquid fire flammable:

fire involving between at least 1/4 "deep.

Fires leak in the liquid which burn less than 1/4 "deep.

Fires that burn liquid or gas under pressure.

Three-dimensional fires, which involves burning liquids that are in motion.

Liquid fires deep accumulation of more heat from fires and leakage best extinguished with the factors that stifle the fire, such as foam. Leak fires can be controlled with carbon dioxide or dry chemical extinguishers. Gas under pressure can not be controlled with dry chemicals. You must be equipped with extinguishers used to combat pressure class B fires with special nozzle, which allows for quick release of more dry chemical. These fire extinguishers are known as fast flow.

How Residential fire sprinklers work

How Residential fire sprinklers work ?

Fire sprinklers are located in the roof of the house or near the top of the wall. When it reaches a house fire temperatures too high - usually above 155 ° F - the closest to the fire activates the spraying, spraying water directly on the fire underneath it. Most of the time, and the fire engine, the only one to control or extinguish the fire completely. If you chose the owner of the house, and Rapid Response System can also be linked to the local fire department or home alarm system, providing security and fire complete.

Sprinkler Head Types

Sprinkler Head Types

There are a number of different types of sprinkler heads that cater to different needs. This article covers the types of operations (against the fusible link lamp), and the types of distribution (necklace, upright, wall), and the temperature response.

Fusible link sprinklers Vs.2 the glass bulb sprinklers 
 all wet pipe sprinklers closed by any fusible link or glass bulb contains a heat-sensitive liquid.

A fusible link sprinkler head has a metal component parts which fused by heat-sensitive alloys. Cover carries the link points, or ingredients, in place. Once at room temperature around the head spraying up to a certain temperature, and releases a separate metal and alloy elements, which causes almost cover point to fall away. Water is then edited. Note that it is released only from the water before the spray heads where the ambient temperature reaches a certain level - and therefore, the water is released only in the field of fire, helping to limit the damage caused by the water.

Glass bulb sprinkler heads have a small glass tank that holds the heat-sensitive liquid. This glass bulb bearing almost point cover in place. When the ambient temperature of the liquid reaches a certain level, the liquid and expands, causing the bulb to break the glass, which allows the lid to drop points away to release the water. As is the case with the heads of fusible link, and the water is released only where the ambient temperature reaches a certain level, which helps to reduce the damage caused by the water.

Sprinkler Response Temperatures

Since ambient temperatures can vary greatly depending on the use of distance or the surrounding environment, and the sprinklers come rated for temperatures different activation. The table below is based on NFPA 13 Table 3-2.5.1 (US National Fire Code); however, it may be machine guns manufacturers of different temperature ratings.

CLASSIFICATION	MAXIMUM CEILING TEMPERATURE	SPRINKLER ACTIVATION TEMPERATURE	GLASS BULB COLOR	FUSIBLE LINK COLOR
Ordinary	100°F	135°F - 170°F	Orange (135°F) Red (155°F)	black; no color
Intermediate	150°F	175°F - 225°F	Yellow (175°F) Green (200°F)	White
High	225°F	250°F-300°F	Blue	Blue
Extra High	300°F	325°F - 375°F	Purple	Red
Very Extra High	375°F	400°F - 475°F	Black	Green
Ultra High	475°F	500°F - 575°F	Black	Orange
Ultra High	625°F	650°F	Black	Orange

Types of distribution sprinkler head

The following charts show the different types of sprinkler heads and distribution patterns. Refer to the manufacturer to cover the radius of the information.

Pendant Sprinkler Head

Pendant sprinkler heads hang down from the ceiling and spray water in a circle pattern.

Concealed Pendant Head Sprinkler

And stopped necklace concealed sprinkler heads in the ceiling are covered with decorative cover. And the maximum located away from the 20 ° F before activating the sprinkler. Once the spray reaches its activation temperature rating, the head will fall under the roof. Water spray pattern of the heads of the department is concealed.

Upright Sprinkler Head 

Sprinkler heads upright expected up to space and be a deviation that the water spray to the bottom. It is commonly used in mechanical rooms or inaccessible areas other to provide the best between obstacles such as struts or channels cover. It also provides a spray pattern circle

Side Wall Sprinkler Head

wall stand out from the wall and her oblique to sprinkle water away from the wall in a semi-circle spray pattern. A second deflector also sprinkle water again toward the wall so as to protect the wall. These are used when the sprinklers can not be located in the ceiling.

Sprinkler Head Spacing and Location

Sprinkler Head Location

There are two main criteria for site sprinkler heads. First, sprinklers should be located so as to be within the hot gas layer that develops near the ceiling during a fire due to the activation occurs when the spray head up to a certain temperature. Secondly, it should be located so that the water that is discharged from the spray does not break down or be affected by construction elements such as bridges, trusses, or soles.

Water distribution for standard spraying necklace

Drawing on the left shows the distribution of water to the standard pendant fixtures spray upright. It is useful to understand how these things within the distribution area can alter the throw and disrupts the ability of the spray to extinguish the fire.

This is a general description of the throw spray should not be used to determine the spacing spraying. Refer to the manufacturer's data for specific data throw. Please note, that throw the spray should not be used for spraying spacing - local laws determine the spacing requirements.

Head Sprinkler Spacing

The table below shows the spray on the basis of the requirements of NFPA 13. spacing must use this table only as a tool for architects. It must be the actual design of the sprinkler system by a professional engineer each project.

OCCUPANCY HAZARD	SQUARE FOOT PER HEAD	MAXIMUM SPACING BETWEEN SPRINKLERS
Light Hazard (Office, Educational, Religious, Institutional, Hospitals, Restaurants, Clubs, Theaters, etc.)	130-200 SF per head (based on obstructions and flow calcs)	15 ft
Ordinary Hazard (Mills, Manufacturing, Processing, Machine Shops, Repair Garages, Post Offices, Bakeries, Wood Machining and Assembly, Auto Parking, etc.)	130 SF per head	15 ft
Extra Hazard (Plastic Processing, Chemical Spraying, Metal Extruding, Printing, Varnishing, Painting, etc.)	90-130 SF per head (based on obstructions and flow calcs)	12 ft

The maximum distance from the wall: half (1/2) of the maximum distance between the sprinkler heads.

The minimum distance between sprinklers: Usually 6'-0 ".

The distance from the ceiling: minimum 1 ", and the maximum 12" of the building without hindrance. Minimum 1 "is a typical comfort, but concealed, and can be mounted machine guns less than 1" from the ceiling flow and be installed on the building included.

fire hydrant system

In a building, fire hydrant system is a measure of safety in cases of emergency or required equipment in some of the buildings, which includes a set of components that when assembled together to provide a source of water to help the fire authorities in the fire.

Put another way, a fire hydrant system is the water supply with sufficient pressure and flow delivered through pipes throughout the building strategically located network of valves for the purposes of fire-fighting.

Shooting HydrantIn some circumstances, the water from the fire hydrant network system can also be shared with other safety measures such as automatic fire sprinkler systems or fire hose reels.

In Australia, and the law of the construction of Australia (BCA) mind-sets to satisfy (DTS) provisions for the fire hydrant system required in the buildings to the degree necessary to facilitate the needs of the Fire's.

Fire-fighting operations. And
To an area of ​​the building. And
The dangers of fire.
The fire hydrant design and install systems in accordance with Australian Standard AS2419 and consists of the following basic components:

Water supply and storage
Pipes, valves
Fire Brigade Booster
Pumpset
Faucet, faucet valve or landing Valve & Coupling
Layflat fire hose
Block plan
When the fire hydrant system design must be satisfied that the specific performance targets. These performance targets require hydraulic analysis to prove the existence of sufficient water pressure and flow to the most disadvantaged hydraulically faucet. Pressure and flow requirements vary according to the classification of the building, floor area and the protection of spraying.

What CO2 fire extinguishing systems

CO2  fire extinguishing systems

CO2 systems are the preferred choice as the amortization of many vital facilities. Fast, efficient and adaptable to a wide range of risks, from carbon dioxide emissions [agent clean low-cost] is not damaging in property and electrically non-conductive. Multi-hazard protection can be designed to provide automatic and unloading at one time to a variety of risks and configurations.

CO2 systems are used for:

Power generation
Cement Plant / blast furnace burning coal indirect systems
And metal processing production
Print
Cars
Electronics operations
Electronics / Computer Production
Research facilities
On board ships (MLM) systems
Automated storage and retrieval facilities
CO2 is the most appropriate low-pressure systems and equipment for applications where large amounts of  CO2 are necessary. High-pressure hazard smaller or where space is limited system is recommended.

Benefits of CO2:

Quickly - in a matter of seconds, CO2 penetrates all areas of the risks to choke combustion.
There CO2 as a gas in the Earth's atmosphere and is one of the products of combustion before - environmentally friendly. It's used has no impact on the environment.
Harmless - CO2 does not cause damage, do not need to be cleaned and leaves no residue.
Non-conductive - CO2 is electrically non-conductive, allowing the use of a wide range of applications.
Adjustment - effective CO2 in a wide range of flammable and combustible materials.

Fire extinguishing system CO2 from one or more of the cylinder banks of storage containers to supply CO2 extinguishing agent is made. Discharge flexible hoses linking cylinders in manifold pipes. Manifold distributes the agent in the pipe network. Nozzles regulate the flow of CO2 in the protected area.

What In rack sprinkler system

In rack sprinkler system
Warehouse fires are very difficult; spread quickly and be huge increases in the shooting rate in a short period of time. This is especially true when it comes to fire commodities such as flammable liquids, paper, and plastic materials at risk. Rack is designed in fire sprinkler systems designed to protect storage areas ridden in warehouses.

In rack and machine-gun fire does not prevent the fire from starting, in fact it depends on the heat from the fire to move them, but it will not help contain the fire in a certain area, and put it out. This in turn reduces the losses caused by the fires and reduce the risk to life from fire.

When ESFR sprinkler systems and eliminate the need to sometimes machine guns in the rack, storage configurations or certain types of construction of buildings will not allow the use of sprinklers ESFR. Usually when storing combustible materials non-combustible or regular exceed 40 feet in height or building exceeds 45 feet in height ESFR sprinklers can not be used as a protection scheme. In the rack and then it can be used machine guns to provide a suitable solution for the protection of way. This arrangement includes the installation of sprinklers installed on a network of pipes inside the storage rack structure. In some cases, this has allowed the installation of rack structures in high-rise buildings such as 100 feet where the building's roof rack support structure itself. In rack sprinklers are used on a large scale in structures that use automated rack use automated picking equipment is computer controlled to store and retrieve pallet quantities of material.

In rack sprinklers provide additional protection within the rack structures with the spacing which can be between 10 and 25 feet vertically between different lines of machine guns. Because there are more sprinklers installed within the rack structure and were relatively close together vertically there is low demand for water to run this machine guns then required by typical ESFR sprinkler. A typical rack will spray in exchange for working on 30gpm 100gpm discharged from the spraying ESFR. Sprinklers in the holder may not allow for the same flexibility in the storage rack configurations that provide sprinklers ESFR but it does not allow for the further rise of the store and then ESFR sprinklers which can be important in view of the volume of printing the foot of the building.

What the Dry fire sprinkler system pipes

Dry fire sprinkler system pipes

Dry pipe sprinkler system, which is filled with pipes with compressed air or nitrogen instead of water. This air carries the remote valve, known as a dry pipe valve, in the closed position. Located in the hot, dry pipe valve area, and prevents water from entering the tube even cause a fire one or more of the sprinklers to work. When this happens, the air escapes and releases the dry pipe valve. The water then enters the tube, flowing through the machine guns open fire.

The advantages of using dry pipe fire sprinkler systems include:

Spray dry automatic protection piping systems in places where freezing availability possible. Typical installations include dry pipe and the upper rooms of unheated warehouses, loading docks exposed outside and inside commercial freezers.
Many people look dry pipe sprinklers is useful to protect groups and other sensitive water areas. This benefit is seen due to the fear that wet pipe system physically damaged will leak while the dry pipe systems do not. In these cases, however, the dry pipe systems generally will not provide any advantage over wet pipe systems. Must affect damage occurs, there will be only a mild discharge delay, any 1 minute, while the release of the air in the pipes before the water flow.

The disadvantages of the use of fire sprinkler systems dry pipe include:

Increasing complexity - dry pipe systems require additional control equipment and components supply air pressure which increases the complexity of the system. Without proper maintenance of this equipment may be less reliable than comparable wet pipe system.
Installation and maintenance costs rise - effects added complexity and cost of the overall dry pipe installation. This complexity also increases maintenance expenses, mainly due to labor costs added services.
The flexibility of the design world - and there are strict requirements with respect to the maximum allowable size (usually 750 gallons) of individual dry pipe systems. These restrictions may affect the ability of the owner to make additions system.
Increase fire response - up to 60 seconds may pass from the time of spraying open until the disposal of water on the fire. This delay needed to fire procedures, which may cause an increase in content damage.
Increase the likelihood of erosion - and after the operation, the dry sprinkler pipes must be drained and completely dried systems. Otherwise the remaining water may cause erosion of the pipe and the failure of a previous premature. This is not a problem with wet pipe systems where the water is maintained constantly in the pipe.
With the exception of building spaces and unheated rooms freezing, dry pipe systems do not provide any significant advantages over wet pipe systems.

Wet pipe fire sprinkler system

Wet pipe fire sprinkler system

Wet pipe systems are the most common fire sprinkler system. Wet pipe system is the one who constantly keeps the water inside the spraying tubes. It activates when spraying this water is discharged directly to the fire.

Advantages to using wet pipe fire sprinkler system include:

Simplicity and reliability of the system - wet pipe sprinkler systems have a lower number of components, and therefore, the least number of elements of the malfunction. This produces reliability unexcelled which is important since the machine guns may be asked to sit in the waiting for many years before they are needed. This aspect becomes simplicity is also important in enterprises that may not perform system maintenance with the desired frequency.

The relative expense of installation and maintenance of low - and because of the overall simplicity, wet pipe sprinklers and require the least amount of installation time and capital. The savings also maintenance costs since the required service generally less time compared to other types in the system. These savings become important when maintenance budgets are shrinking.

Ease of adjustment - wet pipe fire sprinkler systems are useful since the amendments include the closure of the water supply and drain pipes and make adjustments. After work, the system is pressure tested and restored. It is avoided overtime for the detection and control equipment for the saving of a new time and expense.

In the short term down time in the wake of a fire - wet pipe sprinkler systems require the least amount of effort to restore. In most cases, re-spraying protection by replacing sprinklers fused and turn the water supply again. Systems may require action by the dry pipe extra effort to re-control equipment.

Disadvantages to the use of wet pipe fire sprinkler system include:

Wet pipe systems for sub-freezing environments do not fit.There may also be concern where the pipe is subject to the impact of severe damage, and thus can leak.

Pre-action fire sprinkler systems

Pre-action fire sprinkler system employing  the basic concept of the system dry pipe the water inside the pipe. The difference, however, is that the water from the pipes by electrically operated valve, known as the valve before work. Control valves are run by independent flame, heat, or smoke detectors.

Two separate events must occur to start emptying the spray. First, you must determine the fire detection system development and then open the valve before work. This allows water to flow to the pipe system, which creates the effectiveness of the wet pipe sprinkler system. Second, the individual spray heads must release to allow the flow of water on the fire.

In some cases, it may be set fire sprinkler system before work even with dual interlock which compressed air or nitrogen is added to the system pipes. The purpose of this feature is twofold: first to monitor the pipes for leaks and the second to hold the water pipe network in case of unintended operation of the detector. The most common type of this system in the freeze stores application.

The advantages of using using pre-action fire sprinkler systems include::

Dual Action needed to release water - Valve before work should work and should sprinkler heads valves. This feature provides an additional level of protection against accidental release. For this reason, it is often used as a pre-work in sensitive environments such as water systems, cabinets archives, storage rooms and Fine Arts Library Rare Books and computer centers.

The disadvantages of the use using pre-action fire sprinkler systems include::

High installation and maintenance costs - systems before the work is more complex with many of the plug-ins, especially the fire detection system. This adds to the cost of the overall system.
Amendment difficulties - as is the case with dry pipe systems, and sprinkler systems before work has restrictions on the specific size that may affect the system changes in the future. In addition, the system must amendments include changes to the fire detection and control system to ensure proper operation.
The possibility of decreased reliability - the high level of complexity associated with systems before action creates increase the chance that something may not work when needed. Regular maintenance is necessary to ensure reliability.

OS & Y Gate valves

a type of valve commonly used to control water flow to fire sprinkler systems is known as gate valve OS & Y. OS & Y means "external root and yoke" or "outside screw and yoke."

OS & Y gate valves operate by opening and closing through a gate, which lowers or rises from the valve. Increasing the gate allows water to flow through the valve by reducin

g the gate cuts off the water flowing through the valve. When fully open, the typical gate valve has no obstruction in the path of the flow, with consequent loss of 

very low friction

On an OS and Y gate valve, the shutter (A) is connected to a threaded rod (B) with a handle (C) which connects the yoke to the element (D). As the operator rotates the handle counterclockwise, raises the stem from the handle, the opening of the gate. A clockwise rotation of the gate moves the stem back into the gate and closes the valve. 

When the rod does not protrude from the handle, the gate valve is closed. You can watch a slide valve OS & Y and say if it is open or closed by the position of the rod

Types of fire sprinkler systems

Types of fire sprinkler systems

It is best to get protection in commercial buildings in case of fire or smoke. Installation of sprinkler system is a good preventive measure to take. There are various types of fire sprinkler and Below is a description of this so you know who is best suited to your commercial building.

Pre-action 

The fire extinguishing systems are filled with air before work, and allows the water to pass through when the smoke alarm goes off danger or revealed. This type of system requires two triggers to start the flow of water. It also helps a lot to spray fire before work can be placed to prevent water from spouting in the case of a false alarm or mechanical failure. Pre-action system is good for use in places that are only necessary when there is a machine-gun fire from the actual other items in the building do not get water damage from accidental spraying. These include buildings, libraries and data centers. These places contain high-value items such as electronics and goods damaged by water, such as books

Dry pipe

Sprinklers dry pipe systems are similar to the pre-work as they use compressed air in the tube that comes out before the water escape. This leads to minute delay in the discharge of water, but is ideal for buildings with very low temperatures the pipes do not freeze. This fire sprinkler systems have a quick opening of the tool to get rid of the air and accelerate the flow of water. Warehouses located in the north are a good example of what should be the use of the buildings dry pipe sprinklers.

Wet pipe

Wet pipe fire sprinklers be constantly with water in the refrigerator. This allows quick reaction to respond to fire a most common type of sprinkler installed in buildings. A type of building, which uses a wet pipe system is a high-rise or an office building with a few floors. The system is cost effective spraying fire and low maintenance.

Deluge

These types of fire sprinkler systems also need a smoke or heat detector such as pre-work system. Open a deluge nozzles that can be used when a risk is present system. When flammable liquids are spread across the floor, and machine-gun fire deluge good to have. In this case, such as buildings and industrial complexes and buildings with many tanks have deluge fire sprinkler systems installed  

deluge fire sprinkler system work

 deluge fire sprinkler system

A deluge fire sprinkler system is similar to a system of pre-action except sprinklers are not open and the tube is pressurized with air. Deluge systems are connected to a water supply through a deluge valve that is opened by the operation of a system of detection of smoke or heat. The detection system is installed in the same area as the sprinklers. When the detection system is activated water discharges through all of the sprinkler in the system. Deluge systems are used in places that are considered high risk areas, such as power plants, hangars and warehouses or chemical processing plants. Deluge systems are needed where suppression is necessary speed to prevent the spread of fire.

Deluge sprinkler systems, fire sprinkler systems, in that they all differ from conventional nozzles used in the system are open and flowing in the system when water is released from all exhaust systems. As such, this type of system is generally within industrial type special risk or danger that require the application of water over a wide area. The water control is achieved by the use of a deluge valve which is a device that prevents water from entering the system piping until use. A detection system which may include the use of heat, smoke or flame detectors is used to open the valve to flood when it detects a fire or its products of combustion. All system piping is filled with water discharge from the sprinklers nozzles opened and used in the system. In addition to the application of some water deluge systems include the use of a concentrate of foam to mix with water and form a foam solution that can then provide a protective layer of foam to control the development of a fire.

Flood outside of occupations hazard fire sprinkler systems protect and control that require considerable amounts of water to cool the growth or development of a fire. They are generally used with the risks that contain large amounts of low flash point of flammable liquids or combustible liquids dangers. These types of risks may include, extraction processes of oil, transformers, bath or protection vessel, distillation processes. Water systems or foam deluge are used for the protection of large hangar as a major tool of fire protection.

Sprinkler systems deluge contact VFP and the fire today to learn more about how the system is able to meet your needs.